圆柱上的变形投影(柱面歪像)

圆柱上的变形投影(柱面歪像)
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2016-05-20 23:30
本范例演示如何将一个平面图形通过投影映射到圆柱面上,形成一种被称为“变形投影”或“歪像”的视觉效果。核心数学概念涉及三维空间中的投影变换、圆柱面的参数化以及平面与曲面之间的几何对应关系。作图要点包括:使用GeoGebra的OrthogonalPlane、PointIn、Line、Ray、Circle、Cylinder等命令构建圆柱和投影线;通过Mirror、Translate、Rotate等变换操作实现平面图形的映射;利用Locus和LocusEquation追踪投影点的轨迹;并借助Sequence、List等对象批量处理点列。该范例适合高中或大学阶段的立体几何、解析几何或计算机图形学课程,帮助学生直观理解非平面投影的数学原理与几何构造。

GeoGebra 命令及参数

  1. OrthogonalPlane(O, xAxis) → w
  2. PointIn(w) → H
  3. Line(A, xAxis) → f
  4. Point(f) → C
  5. Ray(A, C) → g
  6. Point(g) → B
  7. If(abs(x(B_f) - x(B)) ≤ abs(x(B_c) - x(B)), B_f, B_c) → B'
  8. Sequence(Segment[(x(A) + i, y(A)), (x(A) + i, y(A) + x(B') - x(A))], i, 0, x(B') - x(A), 1) → list1
  9. Circle((0, 0), r) → c
  10. Sequence(Segment[(x(A), y(A) + i), (x(B'), y(A) + i)], i, 0, x(B') - x(A), 1) → list2
  11. Mirror(list1, c) → list1'
  12. Mirror(list2, c) → list2'
  13. Cylinder(c, 24.735270934851805) → a, d, b
  14. Point(list1) → F_2
  15. Polygon(D, E, F_2) → poly1, f_1, d_1, e
  16. Point(poly1) → G
  17. Mirror(G, c) → G'
  18. LocusEquation(G', G) → i
  19. Locus(G', G) → loc1
  20. Point(d) → I
  21. Point(d) → J
  22. Point(d) → K
  23. LineBisector(I, J, d) → j
  24. LineBisector(J, K, d) → l
  25. Intersect(j, l) → L
  26. Intersect(c, xAxis) → M, N
  27. Point(list1) → P
  28. Vector(P, L) → u
  29. Translate(M, u) → M'
  30. Translate(N, u) → N'
  31. Polygon(M, N, N', M') → poly2, m, n_1, n', m'
  32. Sequence(Segment[(x(M) + i, 0, z(M)), (x(M) + i, 0, z(M) + m')], i, 0, m, m / n) → list3
  33. Sequence(Segment[(x(M), 0, z(M) + i), (x(N), 0, z(N) + i)], i, 0, m', m' / n) → list4
  34. Plane(M', N', N) → h
  35. PointIn(poly2) → Q
  36. PointIn(poly2) → R
  37. PointIn(poly2) → S
  38. Polygon(Q, S, R) → poly3, r_1, q, s
  39. Point(poly3) → T
  40. Segment(H, T) → p
  41. OrthogonalLine(H, xOyPlane) → t
  42. Intersect(t, xOyPlane) → U
  43. Plane(U, T, H) → o
  44. IntersectPath(o, a) → c_1
  45. Corner(c_1) → V, W, Z, A_1
  46. OrthogonalLine(T, t, o) → g_1
  47. Mirror(H, g_1) → H'
  48. Mirror(T, g_1) → T'
  49. Segment(H', T') → p'
  50. Line(T, H') → h_1
  51. Intersect(p, c_1) → C_1, D_1
  52. Plane(O, xOyPlane) → v
  53. Line(D_1, g_1) → i_1
  54. Line(D_1, h_1) → j_1
  55. Intersect(j_1, xOyPlane) → B_1
  56. PointIn(w) → E_1
  57. Locus(D_1, T) → loc3
  58. Locus(B_1, T) → loc4
  59. Circle(O, M, v) → e_1
  60. PointIn(h) → F
  61. Line(H, zAxis) → k_1
  62. Intersect(k_1, v) → G_1
  63. Plane(G_1, F, H) → a_1
  64. OrthogonalLine(F, k_1, a_1) → l_1
  65. IntersectPath(a_1, a) → p_1
  66. Corner(p_1) → H_1, I_1, J_1, K_1
  67. Line(F, H) → m_1
  68. Intersect(m_1, p_1) → L_1, M_1
  69. Line(L_1, l_1) → q_1
  70. Mirror(m_1, q_1) → s_1
  71. Intersect(s_1, v) → N_1