正六棱柱的立体几何构造与动态演示

正六棱柱的立体几何构造与动态演示
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2017-09-20 07:55
① 本范例演示了一个正六棱柱(HEXAGONAL PRISM)的三维立体图形,通过GeoGebra的3D视图直观展示其底面、侧面和棱边的空间结构。② 核心数学概念包括立体几何中的棱柱定义、正多边形底面、平行且全等的侧面、以及棱柱的顶点、棱和面之间的关系;同时涉及等边三角形和等腰三角形的性质(因为正六边形可分解为六个等边三角形)。③ 作图要点:从构造摘要可见,使用了Polygon命令创建底面六边形poly1,Prism命令生成棱柱,Segment命令绘制棱边,Point定义顶点,Rotate和Mirror命令用于对称变换或旋转复制,对象包括A、B、C、D、E、F等顶点以及face1、faceBCHG等侧面和edge1、edgeBG等棱边,体现了从二维多边形到三维棱柱的完整构建流程。④ 适合中学几何教学、立体几何入门学习,以及大学工程制图或计算机图形学中三维建模的演示,也可用于探索棱柱的体积、表面积或截面性质。

GeoGebra 命令及参数

  1. Polygon(A, B, 6, xOyPlane) → poly1, a, F, b, c, d, e, f, C, D, E
  2. Prism(poly1, A + (0, 0, 4)) → g, G, faceEFKJ, face2, face3, edge1, edgeBG, edgeCH, edgeDI, edgeEJ, edgeFK, edge2, H, edgeGH, edgeHI, edgeIJ, edgeJK, edge3, I, J, K, face1, faceBCHG, faceCDIH, faceDEJI
  3. Segment(M, M + (0, 0, 2)) → h
  4. Point(h) → N
  5. Rotate(Polygon[E, D, I, J], (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly2
  6. Rotate(Polygon[G, H, I, J, K, L], (90° * t), Segment[I, J]) → poly3
  7. Rotate(poly3, (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly3'
  8. Rotate(Polygon[C, D, I, H], (60° * t), Segment[D, I]) → poly4
  9. Rotate(poly4, (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly4'
  10. Mirror(poly4, OrthogonalPlane[Midpoint[D, E], Segment[D, E]]) → poly4'_1
  11. Rotate(poly4'_1, (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly5
  12. Rotate(C, (60° * t), Segment[D, I]) → C'
  13. Mirror(Polygon[D, E, J, I], OrthogonalPlane[Midpoint[D, C'], Segment[D, C']]) → poly6
  14. Mirror(poly6, OrthogonalPlane[Midpoint[D, E], Segment[D, E]]) → poly6'
  15. Rotate(poly6, (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly6'_1
  16. Rotate(poly6', (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly6''
  17. Mirror(E, OrthogonalPlane[Midpoint[D, C'], Segment[D, C']]) → E'
  18. Mirror(poly4, OrthogonalPlane[Midpoint[E', C'], Segment[E', C']]) → poly4'_2
  19. Rotate(poly4'_2, (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly7
  20. Rotate(poly3, (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly3'_1
  21. Polygon(A, B, 6, xOyPlane) → poly8, i, R, j, k, l, m, n, O, P, Q
  22. Rotate(poly6', (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly6''_1
  23. Rotate(poly4'_1, (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly9
  24. Rotate(Polygon[E, D, I, J], (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly10
  25. Rotate(poly4, (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly4'_3
  26. Rotate(poly6, (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly6'_2
  27. Rotate(poly4'_2, (90° * t), Segment[D, E]) → poly11