Islamic Geometric Patterns: Gonbad-e Sork
Loading the math board and drawing, please wait…
This example demonstrates the construction process of the Islamic geometric pattern Gonbad-e Sork. It involves core mathematical concepts such as symmetry, scatter plot, dilation, division, 2D vectors, and translation. Key GeoGebra commands used include Point, Rotate, Polygon, Dilate, Intersect, Midpoint, Line, Mirror, Centroid, PolyLine, Circle, Segment, LineBisector, and OrthogonalLine. Suitable for high school and above students to understand geometric transformations and pattern design.
GeoGebra Commands & Parameters
ConstructionStep() → stapPoint(yAxis) → NRotate(N, 60°) → N'Polygon(N, N', 6) → veelhoek2, s, S, t, a, b, c, d, P, Q, RDilate(veelhoek2, 0.92) → veelhoek2'_{2}Point(yAxis) → TRotate(T, 60°) → T'Polygon(T, T', 6) → veelhoek3, e, Z, f_1, g_1, h_1, i_1, j_1, U, V, WIntersect(xAxis, i_1) → A_1Intersect(c, xAxis) → B_1Midpoint(A_1, B_1) → C_1Line(C_1, yAxis) → k_1Mirror(veelhoek2, k_1) → veelhoek2'Mirror(veelhoek3, k_1) → veelhoek3'Point(xAxis) → CMirror(veelhoek2', yAxis) → veelhoek2''Mirror(veelhoek3', yAxis) → veelhoek3''Rotate(C_1, 60°) → D_1Line(D_1, j_1) → l_1Mirror(veelhoek2, l_1) → veelhoek2'_{1}Mirror(veelhoek3, l_1) → veelhoek3'_{1}Mirror(veelhoek2'_{1}, yAxis) → veelhoek4Mirror(veelhoek3'_{1}, yAxis) → veelhoek5Mirror(veelhoek3'_{1}, xAxis) → veelhoek6Rotate(C, 30°) → C'Mirror(veelhoek2'_{1}, xAxis) → veelhoek7Mirror(veelhoek5, xAxis) → veelhoek5'Mirror(veelhoek4, xAxis) → veelhoek4'Centroid(veelhoek2'_{1}) → E_1Mirror(E_1, yAxis) → F_1Mirror(E_1, xAxis) → G_1Mirror(F_1, xAxis) → H_1Centroid(veelhoek2') → I_1Mirror(I_1, yAxis) → J_1Line(F_1, H_1) → m_1Polygon(C, C', 12) → veelhoek1, f, p, q, r, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, g, K, L, M, h, i, j, k, l, m, nMirror(veelhoek3'_{1}, m_1) → veelhoek8Mirror(veelhoek2'_{1}, m_1) → veelhoek9Mirror(veelhoek5, k_1) → veelhoek5'_{1}Mirror(veelhoek4, k_1) → veelhoek4'_{1}Mirror(veelhoek9, xAxis) → veelhoek9'Mirror(veelhoek8, xAxis) → veelhoek8'Mirror(veelhoek4', k_1) → veelhoek4''Mirror(veelhoek5', k_1) → veelhoek5''Line(F_1, E_1) → n_1Mirror(veelhoek3'', n_1) → veelhoek3'''Mirror(veelhoek2'', n_1) → veelhoek2'''Mirror(veelhoek2', n_1) → veelhoek2''_{1}Mirror(veelhoek3''', yAxis) → veelhoek23Mirror(veelhoek1, k_1) → veelhoek1'Mirror(veelhoek1', yAxis) → veelhoek1''Mirror(veelhoek1'', n_1) → veelhoek1'''Mirror(veelhoek1, n_1) → veelhoek1'_{1}Mirror(veelhoek1', n_1) → veelhoek1''_{1}Mirror(veelhoek1''', xAxis) → veelhoek10Mirror(veelhoek1'_{1}, xAxis) → veelhoek11Mirror(veelhoek1''_{1}, xAxis) → veelhoek12Rotate(veelhoek1', 60°) → veelhoek1''_{2}Mirror(veelhoek1''_{2}, yAxis) → veelhoek13Mirror(veelhoek1''_{2}, m_1) → veelhoek14Mirror(veelhoek13, k_1) → veelhoek13'Mirror(veelhoek14, xAxis) → veelhoek14'Mirror(veelhoek13, xAxis) → veelhoek13'_{1}Mirror(veelhoek1''_{2}, xAxis) → veelhoek15Mirror(veelhoek13', xAxis) → veelhoek13''PolyLine(K_1, L_1, M_1, N_1, O_1) → p_1Mirror(K_1, yAxis) → P_1Mirror(L_1, yAxis) → Q_1Mirror(M_1, yAxis) → R_1Mirror(N_1, yAxis) → S_1Mirror(O_1, yAxis) → T_1PolyLine(P_1, Q_1, R_1, S_1, T_1) → q_1Intersect(xAxis, veelhoek1'') → Z_1, A_2Intersect(veelhoek1'', veelhoek13) → W_1, C_2Intersect(veelhoek13, veelhoek1''_{2}) → U_1, B_2Intersect(veelhoek1'', veelhoek13'_{1}) → D_2, E_2Intersect(veelhoek15, veelhoek13'_{1}) → F_2, G_2Intersect(veelhoek15, veelhoek1') → H_2, I_2Intersect(veelhoek1', veelhoek1''_{2}) → J_2, K_2Circle(O, U_1) → c_1Intersect(c_1, xAxis, 1) → L_2Segment(U_1, L_2) → r_1Intersect(r_1, veelhoek1'') → M_2Mirror(M_2, xAxis) → O_2Mirror(M_2, yAxis) → P_2Mirror(O_2, yAxis) → Q_2Rotate(U_1, 150°) → R_2Rotate(U_1, 210°) → S_2Rotate(U_1, 270°) → T_2Rotate(U_1, 330°) → U_2Mirror(A_2, yAxis) → V_2Mirror(V_1, yAxis) → W_2Rotate(V_2, 90°) → Z_2Rotate(V_2, -90°) → A_3Rotate(O_2, 90°) → B_3Rotate(M_2, 90°) → C_3Mirror(U_2, yAxis) → D_3Rotate(Z_2, 60°) → E_3Mirror(E_3, xAxis) → F_3Mirror(F_3, yAxis) → G_3Mirror(E_3, yAxis) → H_3Polygon(Z_2, D_3, H_3, U_2, E_3, L_2, F_3, R_2, A_3, S_2, G_3, T_2) → veelhoek16, z_2, t_2, h_3, u_2, d_3, e_3, l_2, f_3, r_2, a_3, s_2, g_3Mirror(Z_2, m_1) → I_3Mirror(D_3, m_1) → J_3Mirror(E_3, m_1) → K_3Mirror(L_2, m_1) → L_3Mirror(F_3, m_1) → M_3Mirror(R_2, m_1) → N_3Mirror(A_3, m_1) → O_3Mirror(S_2, m_1) → P_3Mirror(G_3, m_1) → Q_3Mirror(T_2, m_1) → R_3Mirror(H_3, m_1) → S_3Mirror(U_2, m_1) → T_3Polygon(I_3, J_3, S_3, T_3, K_3, L_3, M_3, N_3, O_3, P_3, Q_3, R_3) → veelhoek16', i_3, r_3, s_3, t_3, j_3, k_3, l_3, m_3, n_3, o_3, p_3, q_3LineBisector(F_1, O) → s_1Mirror(Z_2, s_1) → U_3Mirror(D_3, s_1) → V_3Mirror(E_3, s_1) → W_3Mirror(L_2, s_1) → Z_3Mirror(F_3, s_1) → A_4Mirror(R_2, s_1) → B_4Mirror(A_3, s_1) → C_4Mirror(S_2, s_1) → D_4Mirror(G_3, s_1) → E_4Mirror(T_2, s_1) → F_4Mirror(H_3, s_1) → G_4Mirror(U_2, s_1) → H_4Polygon(U_3, V_3, G_4, H_4, W_3, Z_3, A_4, B_4, C_4, D_4, E_4, F_4) → veelhoek16'_{1}, u_3, f_4, g_4, h_4, v_3, w_3, z_3, a_4, b_4, c_4, d_4, e_4LineBisector(E_1, O) → t_1Mirror(Z_2, t_1) → I_4Mirror(D_3, t_1) → J_4Mirror(E_3, t_1) → K_4Mirror(L_2, t_1) → L_4Mirror(F_3, t_1) → M_4Mirror(R_2, t_1) → N_4Mirror(A_3, t_1) → O_4Mirror(S_2, t_1) → P_4Mirror(G_3, t_1) → Q_4Mirror(T_2, t_1) → R_4Mirror(H_3, t_1) → S_4Mirror(U_2, t_1) → T_4Polygon(I_4, J_4, S_4, T_4, K_4, L_4, M_4, N_4, O_4, P_4, Q_4, R_4) → veelhoek16'_{2}, i_4, r_4, s_4, t_4, j_4, k_4, l_4, m_4, n_4, o_4, p_4, q_4Mirror(Z_2, k_1) → U_4Mirror(D_3, k_1) → V_4Mirror(E_3, k_1) → W_4Mirror(L_2, k_1) → Z_4Mirror(F_3, k_1) → A_5Mirror(R_2, k_1) → B_5Mirror(A_3, k_1) → C_5Mirror(S_2, k_1) → D_5Mirror(G_3, k_1) → E_5Mirror(T_2, k_1) → F_5Mirror(H_3, k_1) → G_5Mirror(U_2, k_1) → H_5Polygon(U_4, V_4, G_5, H_5, W_4, Z_4, A_5, B_5, C_5, D_5, E_5, F_5) → veelhoek16'_{3}, u_4, f_5, g_5, h_5, v_4, w_4, z_4, a_5, b_5, c_5, d_5, e_5LineBisector(O, H_1) → a_1Mirror(Z_2, a_1) → I_5Mirror(D_3, a_1) → J_5Mirror(E_3, a_1) → K_5Mirror(L_2, a_1) → L_5Mirror(F_3, a_1) → M_5Mirror(R_2, a_1) → N_5Mirror(A_3, a_1) → O_5Mirror(S_2, a_1) → P_5Mirror(G_3, a_1) → Q_5Mirror(T_2, a_1) → R_5Mirror(H_3, a_1) → S_5Mirror(U_2, a_1) → T_5Polygon(I_5, J_5, S_5, T_5, K_5, L_5, M_5, N_5, O_5, P_5, Q_5, R_5) → veelhoek16'_{4}, i_5, r_5, s_5, t_5, j_5, k_5, l_5, m_5, n_5, o_5, p_5, q_5LineBisector(G_1, O) → b_1Mirror(Z_2, b_1) → U_5Mirror(D_3, b_1) → V_5Mirror(E_3, b_1) → W_5Mirror(L_2, b_1) → Z_5Mirror(F_3, b_1) → A_6Mirror(R_2, b_1) → B_6Mirror(A_3, b_1) → C_6Mirror(S_2, b_1) → D_6Mirror(G_3, b_1) → E_6Mirror(T_2, b_1) → F_6Mirror(H_3, b_1) → G_6Mirror(U_2, b_1) → H_6Polygon(U_5, V_5, G_6, H_6, W_5, Z_5, A_6, B_6, C_6, D_6, E_6, F_6) → veelhoek16'_{5}, u_5, f_6, g_6, h_6, v_5, w_5, z_5, a_6, b_6, c_6, d_6, e_6Rotate(S, -90°, D_1) → S'Rotate(S, 90°, D_1) → S'_{1}Rotate(N, 90°, D_1) → N'_{2}Segment(S'_{1}, N'_{2}) → d'_{1}Line(S_4, T_4) → d_1Intersect(d_1, d'_{1}) → I_6Line(H_3, U_2) → e_1Intersect(e_1, d'_{1}) → J_6OrthogonalLine(D_1, t_1) → f_2Mirror(I_6, f_2) → K_6Mirror(J_6, f_2) → L_6Mirror(K_6, k_1) → M_6Mirror(I_6, k_1) → N_6Mirror(J_6, k_1) → O_6Line(H_3, T_2) → g_2Rotate(R, -90°, C_1) → R'Rotate(S, -90°, C_1) → S'_{2}Segment(R', S'_{2}) → c'Intersect(g_2, c') → P_6Mirror(P_6, k_1) → Q_6Polygon(S_4, I_6, J_6, H_3, P_6, Q_6, G_5, O_6, N_6) → veelhoek17, h_2, i_6, j_6, i_2, p_6, q_6, j_2, o_6, n_6Mirror(S_4, yAxis) → R_6Mirror(I_6, yAxis) → S_6Mirror(J_6, yAxis) → T_6Mirror(H_3, yAxis) → U_6Mirror(P_6, yAxis) → V_6Mirror(Q_6, yAxis) → W_6Mirror(G_5, yAxis) → Z_6Mirror(O_6, yAxis) → A_7Mirror(N_6, yAxis) → B_7Polygon(R_6, S_6, T_6, U_6, V_6, W_6, Z_6, A_7, B_7) → veelhoek17', r_6, s_6, t_6, u_6, v_6, w_6, z_6, a_7, b_7Line(E_1, I_1) → k_2Mirror(S_4, k_2) → C_7Mirror(I_6, k_2) → D_7Mirror(J_6, k_2) → E_7Mirror(H_3, k_2) → F_7Mirror(P_6, k_2) → G_7Mirror(Q_6, k_2) → H_7Mirror(G_5, k_2) → I_7Mirror(O_6, k_2) → J_7Mirror(N_6, k_2) → K_7Polygon(C_7, D_7, E_7, F_7, G_7, H_7, I_7, J_7, K_7) → veelhoek17'_{1}, c_7, d_7, e_7, f_7, g_7, h_7, i_7, j_7, k_7Mirror(C_7, yAxis) → L_7Mirror(D_7, yAxis) → M_7Mirror(E_7, yAxis) → N_7Mirror(F_7, yAxis) → O_7Mirror(G_7, yAxis) → P_7Mirror(H_7, yAxis) → Q_7Mirror(I_7, yAxis) → R_7Mirror(J_7, yAxis) → S_7Mirror(K_7, yAxis) → T_7Polygon(L_7, M_7, N_7, O_7, P_7, Q_7, R_7, S_7, T_7) → veelhoek18, l_7, m_7, n_7, o_7, p_7, q_7, r_7, s_7, t_7Mirror(C_7, xAxis) → U_7Mirror(D_7, xAxis) → V_7Mirror(E_7, xAxis) → W_7Mirror(F_7, xAxis) → Z_7Mirror(G_7, xAxis) → A_8Mirror(H_7, xAxis) → B_8Mirror(I_7, xAxis) → C_8Mirror(J_7, xAxis) → D_8Mirror(K_7, xAxis) → E_8Polygon(U_7, V_7, W_7, Z_7, A_8, B_8, C_8, D_8, E_8) → veelhoek19, u_7, v_7, w_7, z_7, a_8, b_8, c_8, d_8, e_8Mirror(U_7, k_1) → F_8Mirror(V_7, k_1) → G_8Mirror(W_7, k_1) → H_8Mirror(Z_7, k_1) → I_8Mirror(A_8, k_1) → J_8Mirror(B_8, k_1) → K_8Mirror(C_8, k_1) → L_8Mirror(D_8, k_1) → M_8Mirror(E_8, k_1) → N_8Polygon(F_8, G_8, H_8, I_8, J_8, K_8, L_8, M_8, N_8) → veelhoek19', f_8, g_8, h_8, i_8, j_8, k_8, l_8, m_8, n_8Mirror(U_7, yAxis) → O_8Mirror(V_7, yAxis) → P_8Mirror(W_7, yAxis) → Q_8Mirror(Z_7, yAxis) → R_8Mirror(A_8, yAxis) → S_8Mirror(B_8, yAxis) → T_8Mirror(C_8, yAxis) → U_8Mirror(D_8, yAxis) → V_8Mirror(E_8, yAxis) → W_8Polygon(O_8, P_8, Q_8, R_8, S_8, T_8, U_8, V_8, W_8) → veelhoek19'_{1}, o_8, p_8, q_8, r_8, s_8, t_8, u_8, v_8, w_8Mirror(C_7, t_1) → Z_8Mirror(D_7, t_1) → A_9Mirror(E_7, t_1) → B_9Mirror(F_7, t_1) → C_9Mirror(G_7, t_1) → D_9Mirror(H_7, t_1) → E_9Mirror(I_7, t_1) → F_9Mirror(J_7, t_1) → G_9Mirror(K_7, t_1) → H_9Polygon(Z_8, A_9, B_9, C_9, D_9, E_9, F_9, G_9, H_9) → veelhoek20, z_8, a_9, b_9, c_9, d_9, e_9, f_9, g_9, h_9Mirror(Z_8, yAxis) → I_9Mirror(A_9, yAxis) → J_9Mirror(B_9, yAxis) → K_9Mirror(C_9, yAxis) → L_9Mirror(D_9, yAxis) → M_9Mirror(E_9, yAxis) → N_9Mirror(F_9, yAxis) → O_9Mirror(G_9, yAxis) → P_9Mirror(H_9, yAxis) → Q_9Polygon(I_9, J_9, K_9, L_9, M_9, N_9, O_9, P_9, Q_9) → veelhoek20', i_9, j_9, k_9, l_9, m_9, n_9, o_9, p_9, q_9Mirror(U_7, t_1) → R_9Mirror(V_7, t_1) → S_9Mirror(W_7, t_1) → T_9Mirror(Z_7, t_1) → U_9Mirror(A_8, t_1) → V_9Mirror(B_8, t_1) → W_9Mirror(C_8, t_1) → Z_9Mirror(D_8, t_1) → A_{10}Mirror(E_8, t_1) → B_{10}Polygon(R_9, S_9, T_9, U_9, V_9, W_9, Z_9, A_{10}, B_{10}) → veelhoek19'_{2}, r_9, s_9, t_9, u_9, v_9, w_9, z_9, a_{10}, b_{10}Mirror(L_7, a_1) → C_{10}Mirror(M_7, a_1) → D_{10}Mirror(N_7, a_1) → E_{10}Mirror(O_7, a_1) → F_{10}Mirror(P_7, a_1) → G_{10}Mirror(Q_7, a_1) → H_{10}Mirror(R_7, a_1) → I_{10}Mirror(S_7, a_1) → J_{10}Mirror(T_7, a_1) → K_{10}Polygon(C_{10}, D_{10}, E_{10}, F_{10}, G_{10}, H_{10}, I_{10}, J_{10}, K_{10}) → veelhoek18', c_{10}, d_{10}, e_{10}, f_{10}, g_{10}, h_{10}, i_{10}, j_{10}, k_{10}Mirror(F_8, xAxis) → L_{10}Mirror(G_8, xAxis) → M_{10}Mirror(H_8, xAxis) → N_{10}Mirror(I_8, xAxis) → O_{10}Mirror(J_8, xAxis) → P_{10}Mirror(K_8, xAxis) → Q_{10}Mirror(L_8, xAxis) → R_{10}Mirror(M_8, xAxis) → S_{10}Mirror(N_8, xAxis) → T_{10}Polygon(L_{10}, M_{10}, N_{10}, O_{10}, P_{10}, Q_{10}, R_{10}, S_{10}, T_{10}) → veelhoek19'', l_{10}, m_{10}, n_{10}, o_{10}, p_{10}, q_{10}, r_{10}, s_{10}, t_{10}Line(H_1, G_1) → m_2Mirror(O_8, m_2) → U_{10}Mirror(P_8, m_2) → V_{10}Mirror(Q_8, m_2) → W_{10}Mirror(R_8, m_2) → Z_{10}Mirror(S_8, m_2) → A_{11}Mirror(T_8, m_2) → B_{11}Mirror(U_8, m_2) → C_{11}Mirror(V_8, m_2) → D_{11}Mirror(W_8, m_2) → E_{11}Polygon(U_{10}, V_{10}, W_{10}, Z_{10}, A_{11}, B_{11}, C_{11}, D_{11}, E_{11}) → veelhoek21, u_{10}, v_{10}, w_{10}, z_{10}, a_{11}, b_{11}, c_{11}, d_{11}, e_{11}Mirror(F_8, m_2) → F_{11}Mirror(G_8, m_2) → G_{11}Mirror(H_8, m_2) → H_{11}Mirror(I_8, m_2) → I_{11}Mirror(J_8, m_2) → J_{11}Mirror(K_8, m_2) → K_{11}Mirror(L_8, m_2) → L_{11}Mirror(M_8, m_2) → M_{11}Mirror(N_8, m_2) → N_{11}Polygon(F_{11}, G_{11}, H_{11}, I_{11}, J_{11}, K_{11}, L_{11}, M_{11}, N_{11}) → veelhoek19''_{1}, f_{11}, g_{11}, h_{11}, i_{11}, j_{11}, k_{11}, l_{11}, m_{11}, n_{11}Mirror(Z_8, m_2) → P_{11}Mirror(A_9, m_2) → Q_{11}Mirror(B_9, m_2) → R_{11}Mirror(C_9, m_2) → S_{11}Mirror(D_9, m_2) → T_{11}Mirror(E_9, m_2) → U_{11}Mirror(F_9, m_2) → V_{11}Mirror(G_9, m_2) → W_{11}Mirror(H_9, m_2) → Z_{11}Polygon(P_{11}, Q_{11}, R_{11}, S_{11}, T_{11}, U_{11}, V_{11}, W_{11}, Z_{11}) → veelhoek20'_{1}, p_{11}, q_{11}, r_{11}, s_{11}, t_{11}, u_{11}, v_{11}, w_{11}, z_{11}Mirror(I_9, m_2) → A_{12}Mirror(J_9, m_2) → B_{12}Mirror(K_9, m_2) → C_{12}Mirror(L_9, m_2) → D_{12}Mirror(M_9, m_2) → E_{12}Mirror(N_9, m_2) → F_{12}Mirror(O_9, m_2) → G_{12}Mirror(P_9, m_2) → H_{12}Mirror(Q_9, m_2) → I_{12}Polygon(A_{12}, B_{12}, C_{12}, D_{12}, E_{12}, F_{12}, G_{12}, H_{12}, I_{12}) → veelhoek20'', a_{12}, b_{12}, c_{12}, d_{12}, e_{12}, f_{12}, g_{12}, h_{12}, i_{12}Mirror(L_7, n_1) → J_{12}Mirror(M_7, n_1) → K_{12}Mirror(N_7, n_1) → L_{12}Mirror(O_7, n_1) → M_{12}Mirror(P_7, n_1) → N_{12}Mirror(Q_7, n_1) → O_{12}Mirror(R_7, n_1) → P_{12}Mirror(S_7, n_1) → Q_{12}Mirror(T_7, n_1) → R_{12}Polygon(J_{12}, K_{12}, L_{12}, M_{12}, N_{12}, O_{12}, P_{12}, Q_{12}, R_{12}) → veelhoek18'_{1}, j_{12}, k_{12}, l_{12}, m_{12}, n_{12}, o_{12}, p_{12}, q_{12}, r_{12}Mirror(L_{10}, n_1) → S_{12}Mirror(M_{10}, n_1) → T_{12}Mirror(N_{10}, n_1) → U_{12}Mirror(O_{10}, n_1) → V_{12}Mirror(P_{10}, n_1) → W_{12}Mirror(Q_{10}, n_1) → Z_{12}Mirror(R_{10}, n_1) → A_{13}Mirror(S_{10}, n_1) → B_{13}Mirror(T_{10}, n_1) → C_{13}Polygon(S_{12}, T_{12}, U_{12}, V_{12}, W_{12}, Z_{12}, A_{13}, B_{13}, C_{13}) → veelhoek19''', s_{12}, t_{12}, u_{12}, v_{12}, w_{12}, z_{12}, a_{13}, b_{13}, c_{13}Mirror(C_7, n_1) → D_{13}Mirror(D_7, n_1) → E_{13}Mirror(E_7, n_1) → F_{13}Mirror(F_7, n_1) → G_{13}Mirror(G_7, n_1) → H_{13}Mirror(H_7, n_1) → I_{13}Mirror(I_7, n_1) → J_{13}Mirror(J_7, n_1) → K_{13}Mirror(K_7, n_1) → L_{13}Polygon(D_{13}, E_{13}, F_{13}, G_{13}, H_{13}, I_{13}, J_{13}, K_{13}, L_{13}) → veelhoek22, d_{13}, e_{13}, f_{13}, g_{13}, h_{13}, i_{13}, j_{13}, k_{13}, l_{13}
AI Drawing Prompt Reference
Draw an Islamic geometric pattern featuring multiple hexagons, created through rotations, reflections, and scalings to generate a complex decorative design. Start with a hexagon, then rotate and reflect it around the axes, followed by scaling and connecting operations to build a symmetric geometric structure, resulting in a highly symmetrical and ornamental pattern.
The prompt above was compiled from the original drawing commands and is for reference only.