佩特森图非平面性证明

佩特森图非平面性证明
几何画板及绘图内容加载中,请稍等……
2013-06-25 04:50
所属专题 Graph theory
①本范例演示如何通过构造子图证明佩特森图不是平面图;②涉及核心数学概念包括图论中的平面性、K₅和K₃,₃ minors;③作图要点使用了Polygon(多边形)、Segment(线段)等GeoGebra命令,通过对象w、A系列点及poly1、poly2等构建佩特森图及子图;④适合高中及以上学生及图论学习者用于理解平面图判定定理。

GeoGebra 命令及参数

  1. Polygon(H, I, 4) → poly1, s, t, b_1, c_1, J, K
  2. Polygon(J, I, 4) → poly2, d_1, e_1, f_1, g_1, L, M
  3. Segment(A_6, A_7) → a_1
  4. Segment(A_7, A_8) → a_2
  5. Segment(A_8, A_9) → a_3
  6. Segment(A_9, A_1) → a_4
  7. Segment(A_1, A_6) → a_7
  8. Segment(A_6, A_0) → a_5
  9. Segment(A_1, A_4) → a_6
  10. Segment(A_9, A_2) → a_8
  11. Segment(A_8, A_5) → a_9
  12. Segment(A_7, A_3) → a_{10}
  13. Segment(A_0, A_2) → a_{11}
  14. Segment(A_2, A_3) → a_{12}
  15. Segment(A_3, A_4) → a_{13}
  16. Segment(A_4, A_5) → a_{14}
  17. Segment(A_5, A_0) → a_0
  18. Segment(K11_2, K14_2) → k_{18}
  19. Segment(K13_2, O_2) → k
  20. Segment(K14_2, K13_2) → k_7
  21. Segment(K11_2, O_2) → k_{13}
  22. Segment(A, K14_2) → k_2
  23. Segment(A, O_2) → k_3
  24. Segment(B, K13_2) → k_4
  25. Segment(B, K11_2) → k_5
  26. Segment(A, B) → k_6
  27. Segment(C, D) → k_8
  28. Segment(D, E) → k_9
  29. Segment(G, F) → k_{10}
  30. Segment(F, E) → k_{11}
  31. Segment(G, C) → k_{12}
  32. Segment(C, E) → k_1
  33. Segment(F, D) → k_{14}
  34. Segment(G, E) → k_{15}
  35. Segment(D, G) → k_{16}
  36. Segment(F, C) → k_{17}
  37. Segment(A_{10}, A_{11}) → a_{15}
  38. Segment(A_{11}, A_{12}) → a_{16}
  39. Segment(A_{12}, A_{13}) → a_{17}
  40. Segment(A_{13}, A_{14}) → a_{18}
  41. Segment(A_{14}, A_{10}) → a_{19}
  42. Segment(A_{10}, A_{15}) → a_{20}
  43. Segment(A_{14}, A_{19}) → a_{21}
  44. Segment(A_{13}, A_{18}) → a_{22}
  45. Segment(A_{12}, A_{17}) → a_{23}
  46. Segment(A_{11}, A_{16}) → a_{24}
  47. Segment(A_{15}, A_{18}) → a_{25}
  48. Segment(A_{18}, A_{16}) → a_{26}
  49. Segment(A_{16}, A_{19}) → a_{27}
  50. Segment(A_{19}, A_{17}) → a_{28}
  51. Segment(A_{17}, A_{15}) → a_{29}
  52. Segment(A_{20}, A_{21}) → a_{30}
  53. Segment(A_{21}, A_{22}) → a_{31}
  54. Segment(A_{22}, A_{23}) → a_{32}
  55. Segment(A_{23}, A_{24}) → a_{33}
  56. Segment(A_{24}, A_{20}) → a_{34}
  57. Segment(A_{20}, A_{25}) → a_{35}
  58. Segment(A_{24}, A_{29}) → a_{36}
  59. Segment(A_{23}, A_{28}) → a_{37}
  60. Segment(A_{22}, A_{27}) → a_{38}
  61. Segment(A_{21}, A_{26}) → a_{39}
  62. Segment(A_{25}, A_{28}) → a_{40}
  63. Segment(A_{28}, A_{26}) → a_{41}
  64. Segment(A_{26}, A_{29}) → a_{42}
  65. Segment(A_{29}, A_{27}) → a_{43}
  66. Segment(A_{27}, A_{25}) → a_{44}

AI 绘图提示语参考

画一个彼得森图,并展示它是非平面图的方法,通过构造K5或K3,3的子图。首先画出两个四边形,然后连接一系列点形成彼得森图的边,再添加额外的线段连接这些点,形成K5或K3,3的子图结构,以证明彼得森图是非平面图。
以上提示语为根据原始绘图命令整理而来,仅供参考。