棱柱展开图的动态绘制

棱柱展开图的动态绘制
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2017-03-26 09:27
该范例演示了如何通过GeoGebra动态绘制棱柱(包括三棱柱等)的展开图(net),将三维立体图形展开为二维平面上的多边形组合。核心数学概念涉及立体几何中的棱柱结构、展开图(表面展开)以及平面几何中的多边形、线段和等边三角形。作图要点包括:使用Sequence、Element、Polygon、Segment等命令构建棱柱的顶点和面;通过旋转矩阵(R_x、R_y、R_z)和三角函数(sin、cos)控制三维旋转;利用滑块(如α、β)实现动态视角变化;通过列表(listepoints)和点对象(A、E、C_1、D等)定义展开后的平面图形。适合中学高年级或大学低年级学生用于理解立体图形与平面展开图之间的对应关系,也可作为数学教学中的可视化演示工具。

GeoGebra 命令及参数

  1. Sequence((Mat * Element[cube, k]), k, 1, 8) → cube'
  2. Element(Element[AE, 3], 1) → droite
  3. Sequence(I + (Element[cube', k, 1, 1], Element[cube', k, 2, 1]), k, 1, 8) → listepoints
  4. Element(listepoints, 2) → A
  5. Element(listepoints, 1) → E
  6. Element(listepoints, 4) → C_1
  7. Element(listepoints, 3) → D
  8. Polygon(A, E, C_1, D) → poly1, a_1, b, c_1, d
  9. Element(listepoints, 6) → B
  10. Element(listepoints, 7) → F
  11. Element(listepoints, 8) → G
  12. Element(listepoints, 5) → H
  13. Polygon(B, F, G, H) → poly2, e, f, g, h
  14. Element(listepoints, 3) → C
  15. Polygon(F, C, A, B) → poly3, f_1, i, a_2, b_1
  16. Element(AB, 3, 1) → avant
  17. Polygon(C_1, G, H, E) → poly4, c_2, g_1, h_1, e_1
  18. Element(AC, 3, 1) → dessus
  19. Polygon(F, C, C_1, G) → poly5, f_2, c_3, c_4, g_2
  20. Polygon(A, B, H, E) → poly6, a_3, b_2, h_2, e_2
  21. Segment(E, A) → c
  22. Segment(A, C) → j
  23. Segment(A, B) → k
  24. Segment(C, C_1) → l
  25. Segment(C_1, E) → m
  26. Segment(A, B) → p
  27. Segment(B, H) → q
  28. Segment(H, E) → r
  29. Segment(H, G) → s
  30. Segment(B, F) → t
  31. Segment(G, C_1) → d_1
  32. Segment(F, G) → i_1
  33. Segment(F, C) → j_1
  34. Polygon(A, B, F', D') → poly7, a_4, b_3, f', d'
  35. Polygon(E, A, D'', C') → poly8, e_3, a_5, d'', c'
  36. Polygon(B, F'', G', H) → poly9, b_4, f'', g', h_3
  37. Polygon(H, G'', C''', E) → poly10, h_4, g'', c''', e_4
  38. Polygon(A_2, B_2, G'', C''') → poly11, a_6, b_5, g''_1, c'''_1