Hohmann Transfer Orbit: Elliptical Transfer from Earth to Mars

① This GeoGebra example demonstrates the Hohmann transfer orbit, an elliptical trajectory used to move a spacecraft from Earth's orbit to Mars' orbit with minimal fuel consumption. ② Core mathematical concepts include elliptical orbits, foci, semi-major axis, perihelion and aphelion, Kepler's laws, and orbital mechanics involving energy and velocity changes. ③ Construction highlights: uses Circle to draw the Sun, Earth, and Mars orbits; Point to mark celestial bodies; Segment to connect key points; Midpoint to find centers; Mirror for symmetry; Ellipse to construct the transfer ellipse; CurveCartesian for parametric curves; and LaTeX for formulas. Objects include Sun, Earth, Mars, Spacecraft, HOT, and more, with sliders or animations to show the transfer process. ④ Suitable for high school to university-level physics, mathematics, or aerospace education, helping students understand ellipse geometry, orbital transfer principles, and parametric curve applications.