三角形外心与外接圆的动态构造测验
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① 本范例通过GeoGebra动态演示了任意三角形外接圆(即外心圆)的构造过程,并附带关键问题作为交互式测验。② 核心数学概念是三角形的外心(外接圆圆心)——它是三角形三边垂直平分线的交点,到三个顶点距离相等,从而确定唯一的外接圆。③ 作图要点:从构造摘要可见,使用了Rotate(旋转)、Angle(角)、Ray(射线)、Segment(线段)、Point(点)、Polygon(多边形)、Midpoint(中点)、OrthogonalLine(垂线)、Intersect(交点)、Dilate(缩放)、CircleArc(圆弧)等GeoGebra命令,涉及对象包括三角形顶点A、B、C,边中点D、E、F,垂线h、i、j,交点G(外心),以及外接圆d等,完整呈现了“作两边垂直平分线→交于外心→以圆心到顶点距离为半径画圆”的经典步骤。④ 适合初中几何教学或自学,用于理解外心性质、外接圆唯一性,以及动态几何中构造与验证的结合,也可作为课堂小测验的素材。
GeoGebra 命令及参数
Rotate(B, (Unghi * π / 180), A) → B'Angle(B, A, B') → αRay(A, B') → fSegment(A, B) → gPoint(f) → CPolygon(B, A, C) → t1, c, b, a_1Segment(A, C) → hSegment(C, B) → iMidpoint(g) → DMidpoint(i) → EMidpoint(h) → FOrthogonalLine(E, i) → jOrthogonalLine(D, g) → kOrthogonalLine(F, h) → lIntersect(j, k) → GDilate(A, If[0 < d ≤ 1, 1 - d, 0], D) → A'Segment(A, A') → mRotate(A, If[1 < d ≤ 2, ((-(d - 1)) * π), (-π)], D) → A'_1Segment(D, A'_1) → nDilate(B, If[2 < d ≤ 3, 3 - d, 0], E) → D'Segment(B, D') → pRotate(B, If[3 < d ≤ 4, ((-(d - 3)) * π), (-π)], E) → B'_1Segment(E, B'_1) → qDilate(C, If[4 < d ≤ 5, 5 - d, 0], F) → C'Segment(C, C') → rRotate(C, If[5 < d ≤ 6, ((-(d - 5)) * π), (-π)], F) → C'_1Segment(F, C'_1) → sDilate(D, If[6 < d ≤ 7, 7 - d, 0], G) → D'_1Segment(D, D'_1) → tAngle(G, D, A) → βDilate(E, If[7 < d ≤ 8, 8 - d, 0], G) → E'Segment(E, E') → ePoint(j) → HAngle(H, E, B) → γDilate(F, If[8 < d ≤ 9, 9 - d, 0], G) → F'Segment(F, F') → f_1Angle(G, F, C) → δDilate(G, If[10 < d ≤ 11, 11 - d, 0], C) → G'Segment(G, G') → g_1Angle(C, G, A) → εAngle(A, G, B) → ζRotate(G, If[11 < d ≤ 12, ((d - 11) * ε), ε], G) → G'_1Rotate(G', If[11 < d ≤ 12, ((d - 11) * ε), ε], G) → G''Segment(G'_1, G'') → h_1CircleArc(G, C, G'') → c_1Rotate(G'_1, If[12 < d ≤ 13, ((d - 12) * ζ), ζ], G) → IRotate(G'', If[12 < d ≤ 13, ((d - 12) * ζ), ζ], G) → G'''Segment(I, G''') → i_1CircleArc(G, A, G''') → d_1Rotate(I, If[13 < d ≤ 14, ((d - 13) * ((2 * π) - ε - ζ)), (2 * π) - ε - ζ], G) → I'Rotate(G''', If[13 < d ≤ 14, ((d - 13) * ((2 * π) - ε - ζ)), (2 * π) - ε - ζ], G) → JSegment(I', J) → j_1CircleArc(G, B, J) → e_1